English+Renaissance-+Stuart+Monarchs

=Stuart Monarchs = (JM)


 * -There were a total of seven Stuart Monarchs that ruled during 1603-1714; James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II, Mary II and William III, and Anne.-CMH

-When Elizabeth of England died in 1603, the Tudor dynasty ended and the rule of England ended up in the hands of the weaker house of Stuart.-CMH -James the VI of Scotland took over and was known as James I of England.-CMH

(JM)

-James was happy to support the Church of England, which made many religious affiliations upset. The Roman Catholic and Protestants were upset because he used to be the king of a Presbyterian Scotland.-CMH

-A group of Catholics were outraged so they planned to kill James and blow up the Parliament. This group consisted of a guy named Guy Fawkes. This event was unsuccessful and was known as the Gunpowder Plot of 1625.-CMH

-Charles I took the throne then, and him and James were not a good combo. They were not very good political leaders, and often thought of themselves as God's and not kings.-CMH

-In 1629, Charles I dismissed Parliament and didn't summon them again for 11 years. -JLM

-An era of unrest politically, religiously, and economically was ushered in because Charles I took strong measures against his political opponents through the royal Courts of the Star Chamber, who operated without a jury. -JLM

-It was also the first period of major colonial expansion as thousands of English citizens emigrated to North America, mostly Puritans. -JLM

-Eventually, England was forced into civil war after Charles attempted to introduce Anglican prayers and practices in Scotland's Presbyterian churches led to open rebellion there. In order to raise funds to suppress the Scots, Charles was forced to reconvene Parliament and in a session known as the Long Parliament, many of his powers were stripped. This led to Charles responding with military force and civil war was begun. -JLM

-Charles I was executed in 1649. JH

-Charles II was recognized as the king of Scotland and Ireland after the execution of his father but Oliver Cromwell took the throne of England. In 1660, Parliament requested that he return to England as king. He ruled for 25 years. This period of time is known as the Restoration. JH

-James II took the throne in 1685 when his brother, Charles II, died. When he announced his conversion to Roman Catholicism he was forced to resign. His reign ended in 1688. JH

- **William III and Mary II (daughter of James II) took the throne together in 1688. At this time, some of their followers remained loyal to James II, and Roman Catholicism. To solve this problem, Battle of the Boynes took place. During this battle, William III defeated James II. (SN)

- William III and Mary II ruled together until the time of Mary II's death, in 1694. William continued his rule, lasting until his death in 1702. (SN)

-Queen Anne was a sister to Mary II. Anne was a committed Protestant. (SN)

-Queen Anne was also the last stuart monarch. Her rule ended in 1714. (SN)